Day 011 - 12 Jul 94 - Page 22

     
     1        involve sending aircraft up into the stratosphere?
              A.  They did.  The aircraft that was used was the aircraft
     2        which used to be known as the U2 spy plane, it is now
              known as the ER2.  It was in fact flown into the polar
     3        vortex in Antarctica with a range of measuring equipment
              on it which enabled the chemistry to be understood
     4        probably for the first time.
 
     5   Q.   Then SORG go on in their executive summary:
              "The concentrations of several of the source gases which
     6        influence the amount of ozone in the atmosphere have been
              increasing for some years.  Annual increases in methane
     7        (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are
              about 1%, 0.25% and 0.4% of their present concentrations
     8        respectively. Emissions of many chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
              are now increasing again, following a period of decline
     9        from 1974 to 1982".
 
    10        Can I pause here to ask you a question?  Is it right that
              what is now know as HCFC-22 was previously known as
         CFC-22?
              A.  Yes.
    12
         Q.   Having regard to the description that you have given us of
    13        the different ways in which those two substances behave in
              the atmosphere, do you regard it as beneficial or
    14        detrimental to human understanding of this topic that the
              nomenclature should have been changed in that way?
    15        A.  I regard it as beneficial because the other labelling
              is effectively inaccurate.
    16
         Q.   It was inaccurate?
    17        A.  Yes.
 
    18   Q.   I will go on with the SORG report:
 
    19        "Complex mathematical models of the physical and chemical
              processes in the atmosphere are used in attempts to assess
    20        the effects of these changes in source gases on
              atmospheric ozone.  They predict that increasing levels of
         CFCs and nitrous oxide will each give rise to a depletion
              of ozone in the stratosphere. Carbon dioxide and methane,
    22        on the other hand, will act to increase ozone; the
              increase due to methane will occur largely in the
    23        troposphere".
 
    24        Again, so far as knowledge of the time is concerned, is
              that right?
    25        A.  Yes.
  
    26   Q.   Then perhaps I can miss out the next three paragraphs 
              because they are somewhat -- unless there is some 
    27        particular part of those three paragraphs, the last one in
              the first column, the first two in the next column, which
    28        you wish to draw attention to?
              A.  At the present time, no.
    29
         MR. JUSTICE BELL:  I think I understand what the inaccuracy is
    30        and therefore why the change might be beneficial, but do
              you want to ask if the professor can put that in simple