Day 011 - 12 Jul 94 - Page 23

     
     1        terms.
 
     2   MR. RAMPTON:  Yes, that would be helpful, my Lord.  You have
              said that to go on calling HCFC-22 CFC-22 would be
     3        inaccurate, why is that?
              A.  Because the point I tried to make earlier is that the
     4        CFCs, which are the fully halogenated molecules, are
              chemically inert in the troposphere, the lower atmosphere,
     5        whereas as soon as you break the full halogenation by
              putting a hydrogen atom in, the thing becomes reactive in
     6        the troposphere, and that means a large amount of the
              chemical can never ever get to the stratosphere.
     7
         Q.   Is that why its ODP was estimated to be at that time only
     8        five per cent of that of CFC-22?
              A.  That is one of the reasons why the ODP was estimated
     9        to be as low as that, yes.
 
    10   Q.   So we can get it completely clear, the H on the front of
              the CFC to make HCFC-22 indicates the presence of that
         hydrogen?
              A.  Yes.  In that case HCFC-22 would be related to CFC-12
    12        by the replacement of one chlorine atom by one hydrogen
              atom.
    13
         Q.   Before this change in nomenclature took place, by what
    14        means, apart from the number, in sort of English terms
              were CFC-22 was -- by what means was CFC-22 in the old
    15        days distinguished from, let us say, CFC-12?
              A.  If one looks at the edition of Modern Plastics
    16        International you will discover that according to the
              person who wrote the article on foam industry substitutes
    17        the CFCs, like CFC-12, were referred to as hard CFCs and
              CFC-22 was referred to as a soft CFC.
    18
         Q.   That was soft because it was, shall I say, more unstable?
    19        A.  It was soft because it was more degradable in the
              lower atmosphere.
    20
         Q.   That is an article which the defendants have but your
         Lordship has not.  This is from July 1987.
 
    22   MR. JUSTICE BELL:  I had better have that.
 
    23   MR. RAMPTON:  Have you got that, Professor Duxbury?
              A.  Yes.  (Handed)
    24
         MR. RAMPTON:  It is just a short passage.  It comes from
    25        something called Plastiscope which is a feature, I
              suppose, in this magazine, the issue of Modern Plastics 
    26        International for July 1987, yes? 
              A.  Yes.  It is perhaps worth recalling that my interest 
    27        was drawn to this by some statements in fact by
              Mr. Lipsett, who also referred to this journal, which
    28        meant that I had a good look at what it actually said.
 
    29   Q.   You went and had a look?
              A.  Yes.
    30
         MR. JUSTICE BELL:  This is three months or four months earlier